Medical+Expert+Systems

=__**2.4 Health Wiki**__= =__**M edical Expert Systems **__=

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3060883/Hackers-MEDICAL-equipment-Security-experts-discover-telesurgery-robots-risk-cyber-attacks.html

GUIDED LEARNING ACTIVITIES a wiki page on one of the topics below. You may work with one partner. Each team must create a complete and comprehensive Wiki page that contains all of the following:
 * [[file:itgsopedia/chart-command_terms_2012.jpg|__EXPLAIN__]] the key IT terms related to your topic
 * [[file:itgsopedia/chart-command_terms_2012.jpg|__DESCRIBE__]] any IT processes that are related to your topic
 * [[file:itgsopedia/chart-command_terms_2012.jpg|__EVALUATE__]] the Strand 1 issues and impacts. (All claims must be supported by evidence and real life examples)
 * [[file:itgsopedia/chart-command_terms_2012.jpg|__DESCRIBE__]] multiple, specific real life examples that relate to your topic
 * [[file:itgsopedia/chart-command_terms_2012.jpg|__COMPARE__]] how your topic relates to the 2010 HL Paper 3 Oobunta Case Study. Give an account of the similarities between the two, referring to both of them throughout. Ensure that you make direct reference to the case study booklet using line numbers appropriately.
 * [[file:itgsopedia/chart-command_terms_2012.jpg|__IDENTIFY__]] and embed at least three videos, three graphics, and three recent and relevant articles or studies from relevant sources.
 * Bold ITGS Key Terms and CITE ALL sources appropriately in the text, in a bibliography, and at the end of the page with [|__Easybib__].


 * Medical Expert systems Key Terms -**
 * Expert System - a computer system that emulates the decision making ability of a human expert.
 * Clinical Decision Support Systems - provide clinicians, staff, patients, and other individuals with knowledgeable and person specific information to enhance healthcare.
 * Knowledge Engineer - integrates knowledge into computer systems in order to solve complex problems.
 * Algorithms - a process or set of rules to be followed in problem solving computers.
 * Data Integrity - maintaining and assuring the accuracy and consistency of data.
 * Error Messages - message that shows that there is an error resulting from software or hardware not working as intended.
 * User Interface - interactable information format for humans to use in order to operate the computer or device.
 * Knowledge Domain - is valid knowledge used to refer to a domain of knowledge.
 * Expert System Shell - set of programs which allow the building of an expert system.
 * Knowledge Base - contains data and facts which form the knowledge in a specific knowledge domain.
 * Inference Engine - has the job of matching the user’s input from the user interface with the data contained in the knowledge base to find answers.
 * Inference Rules - these describe how different items of data relate to one another sometimes using probabilistic rules.
 * Boolean Logic - a type of logical rule used to determine a solution using just true and false.
 * Chaining - allows for assumptions to be made from a previous fact to gain further knowledge.
 * Fuzzy Logic - this allows for objects to have certain degrees of truth in a knowledge domain.
 * Set-Theory - objects must be a member of one set, as there cannot be a middle ground.

Expert Systems are the medical devices that emulates the decision making ability of a human expert. In doing so, doctors lives are made easier through implementation of technology. Many times, these systems don’t perform complicated tasks, but offer advice to doctors based on the data and knowledge that they have acquired. Causes of this can be both positive and negative: their advice can be deemed as helpful in many cases, however doctors may soon be relying on technology to give them advice in nearly every situation.
 * Explain Key IT Terms**

User Interface describes the visual interface designed so that data can be viewed and interacted with on an IT device. User interfaces allow an easy and reliable way to input and view data on a computer. In regards to medical technology, user interfaces are often seen in medical expert systems. This particular form of a user interface allows for medical professionals to view the required in formation to make medical decisions on surgerys, etc.

Knowledge Engineers are those responsible from inputting medical knowledge into expert systems. This knowledge is what leads these systems to make accurate and estimated medical decisions. These knowledge engineers use th eir medical expertise to ensure that medical expert systems can be trusted to put a patient’s life in the hands of a computer system.

https://ict-patana.wikispaces.com/Examples+of+Expert+Systems


 * Describe IT Processes -**
 * Knowledge engineers input data into a medical expert system’s hard drive. This information is presented in a Boolean Logic format so that the system can make yes/no decision based on presented data.
 * Expert medical systems use inference engines which allow data in knowledge bases to be used on the user interface so the end user will be able to receive data from what was already inputted into the expert system.


 * Describe Real Life examples**
 * Expert medical systems like telesurgery has allowed specialized doctors to be able to perform surgeries on rare case patients thus saving the patient. The expert system allows people to be operated on which would not have been possible otherwise.
 * Some expert medical systems can be misused to the extent that they cause severe injury or in the worst case scenario, death. Terac 45 was a case where the user interface of the expert system caused end users to misinterpret data and caused problems.

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 * Identify 3 Articles**

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 * Graphics**

[|https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjJys-u-bnKAhWKnIMKHfEkAsAQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.petra.ac.id%2Fkgunadi%2Fes.html&psig=AFQjCNHbYDYvS9OqL3h1A8QwrKN3Z6FzDA&ust=1453432674584919]


 * Videos**

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Implementation of Medical Expert Systems in health and medicine today is a prime example of the growing relationship between people and machines. Medical Expert Systems exhibit the growing dependence humans have on technology to carry out complicated tasks. Many people find these machines to be unethical due to a sense of precaution presented by the machine’s reliability. This unethical association of medical expert systems is rooted from the way that these systems are used. Patients lives are put on the line often times when medical expert systems are used. For many, having a machine responsible for a death of a patient is far worse than a medical professional being responsible. That being said, the relationship of people and machines in the medical expert system has its share of negative impacts. However, it also hold positive impacts for the future. For one, it has great potential to increase overall equality of access: more people in poor areas would have access to medical expertise. Medical professionals may not be able to be all around the globe at once, however machines can use similar if not identical programing to ensure that all receive equal access. To conclude, Medical Expert Systems have an array of impacts on the field of health and medicine due to the potential increase in equality of access spurring from the relationship between people and machines.
 * Evaluate Strand 1 -**